Remove I_BUSY, B_BUSY, and intrans defs and usages
One spinlock per buf to avoid ugly loop in bget
fix race in filewrite (don't update f->off after releasing lock)

usertest for big write()s
push begin_trans/commit_trans down into syscalls

Variable declarations at top of function,
separate from initialization.

Use == 0 instead of ! for checking pointers.

Consistent spacing around {, *, casts.

Declare 0-parameter functions as (void) not ().

Integer valued functions return -1 on failure, 0 on success.

usertest that passes too many arguments, break exec

 * rename c/cp to cpu/proc
 * rename cpu.context to cpu.scheduler
 * fix some comments
 * formatting for printout

pdf has very good page breaks now.
would be a good copy for fall 2009.

the macro expansion of "char *cp;" turned into
char *(curproc[cpu()]);  which declares a dynamically
sized array of char* called curproc.

so then &cp == &(curproc[cpu()]) was actually a
stack variable as "expected".  it was one past the
end of the array, but the implicit alloca allocated
more than was necessary.

do not tell me that making cp a #define was a bad idea.
there are worse problems to fix.  more on that later.

Remove struct uinode.
Remove type arg to mknod (assume T_DEV).

PDF at http://am.lcs.mit.edu/~rsc/xv6.pdf

Various changes made while offline.

 + bwrite sector argument is redundant; use b->sector.
 + reformatting of files for nicer PDF page breaks
 + distinguish between locked, unlocked inodes in type signatures
 + change FD_FILE to FD_INODE
 + move userinit (nee proc0init) to proc.c
 + move ROOTDEV to param.h
 + always parenthesize sizeof argument

Various cleanup:

 - Got rid of dummy proc[0].  Now proc[0] is init.
 - Added initcode.S to exec /init, so that /init is
   just a regular binary.
 - Moved exec out of sysfile to exec.c
 - Moved code dealing with fs guts (like struct inode)
   from sysfile.c to fs.c.  Code dealing with system call
   arguments stays in sysfile.c
 - Refactored directory routines in fs.c; should be simpler.
 - Changed iget to return *unlocked* inode structure.
   This solves the lookup-then-use race in namei
   without introducing deadlocks.
   It also enabled getting rid of the dummy proc[0].