-
Jennifer Mankoff authored91ce36b7
3dprinting.html 33.17 KiB
---
layout: presentation
title: Additive Manufacturing and Access --Week 7--
description: Description of Additive Manufacturing and physical computing
class: middle, center, inverse
---
background-image: url(img/people.png)
.left-column50[
# Welcome to the Future of Access Technologies
Week 7, Additive Manufacturing and Access
{{site.classnum}}, {{site.quarter}}
]
---
name: normal
layout: true
class:
---
# Important Reminder
## This is an important reminder
## Make sure zoom is running and recording!!!
## Make sure captioning is turned on
---
layout:false
[//]: # (Outline Slide)
.title[Today's goals]
.body[
- Talk about the value of additive manufacturting & physical computing in accessibility
- Cover some common approaches to making & physical computing
- Go into detail about a specific approach, laser cutting
- Make something accessible!
]
---
# Making in an accessibility course? Why?
.column[
What is craft?
]
.column[
- Fits real needs
- Comfortable
- Loving
- .lowlight[Creative]
- Practical
- .lowlight[Healing]
- .lowlight[Empowering]
- .lowlight[Subversive]
]
.column[
]
---
# Making in an accessibility course? Why?
.column[
What is craft?
]
.column[- Fits real needs
- Comfortable
- Loving
- .lowlight[Creative]
- Practical
- **Healing**
- **Empowering**
- .lowlight[Subversive]
]
.column[
]
---
# Making in an accessibility course? Why?
.column[
What is craft?
[Vice Article](https://www.vice.com/en/article/8qwpzb/mark-my-words-the-subversive-history-of-women-using-thread-as-ink)
]
.column[
- Fits real needs
- Comfortable
- Loving
- **Creative**
- Practical
- Healing
- Empowering
- **Subversive**
]
.column[
]
???
dating back to the 1890s, it's the work of a German seamstress who had been consigned to an asylum. Although it's often falsely described as her straightjacket, it was actually cut and assembled from a hospital gown, tailored and then turned into an autobiography wrought on fabric.
---
[Facebook Fashion Discrimination](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/11/style/disabled-fashion-facebook-discrimination.html)
---
# What is craft?
1000s of years old
Highly skilled
Only labeled “arts and crafts” after the industrial revolution
Often centered in women’s “busy” work
Sometimes entrepreneurial
Exceptional at addressing unique and individual needs
---
---
# Modern crafting technology
<BR>
.left-column50[
- New ways to ideate and create
- Faster, easier, sometimes better- New ways to customize
- Faster iteration
- Mass customization
- New materials
- New and/or more compilicated shapes
]
--
count: false
.right-column50[
![:youtube Video of child using a 3D printed hand, WoZ2BgPVtA0]
]
---
[//]: # (Outline Slide)
# Who crafts?
Crafters with Disabilities
---
# Crafters with disabilities
We interviewed 16 disabled knitters about their motivations, process, needs, and experiences of bias
- 11 Blind or Low-Vision
- 7 Motor-impaired
- 3 with Cognitive Impairment
We collected data from six forums to extend our sample size and complement our interviews with more motor and cognition related data
---
# Making Patterns Accessible
Pattern accessibility was a frequent problem for disabled knitters
Forum posters mentioned over 40 different pattern formatting guidelines to make patterns more accessible
Not just about nonvisual access
For example P14-MC, who wrote out patterns in detail, said:
.quote[...if it says you need to go and knit 16 rows, I’ll write out [all of them] and then I’ll mark them off as I go. (P14-MC)]
.footnote[MC indicates motor and cognitive impairment]
---
# Making Craft Accessible
Four participants (P1-MVC, P2-V, P5-M, P11-V) reported difficulty with small gauged looms
Both circular knitting needle and loom knitters experienced difficulty executing a purl stitch
.quote[...when I purl …[I] have to push my thumb down like that to get
tension… And so there’s a lot more pinching for me… and that
definitely causes discomfort the fastest. (P3-M)]
---
# Making Accessible Objects
.left-column[
]
.right-column[
The results of knitting solved accessibility problems for some knitters
Tops for wheelchair users with a shorter back and longer front
.quote[if your sweater is too long in the back at all and it goes underneath you, it makes it hard to transfer. (P14-M)]
Patterns for toy robots with disabilities to increase the inclusion and representation of disability in the knitting community (P10-M)
]
---
# Community Ableism
Participants primarily participated in communities of knitters to learn, as support networks, project collaborators, and to increase inclusion.
Bias included assumptions about ability and even concerns about image, such as one forum poster experienced when a pattern designer *“didn’t like the idea of a wheelchair being in the shot.”*
---
[//]: # (Outline Slide)
# Who crafts?
Crafters with Disabilities
Domain Experts
- Medical makers
- People with disabilities
- ...
---
# Domain Experts
**A lot of research is needed here**
Full power of software engineering
Equivalent of end user programming
Production and personalization of interactive systems
- Modularity
- Requirements Specification
- Hybrid Control over AI based systems (e.g. optimization)
--
This is the focus of a lot of my group's work
---
# Traditional Manufacturing
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(Materials) --> B(Factory)
B --> D(Shipping)
D --> E(Storage)
E --> F(Shipping)
F --> G(You)
classDef blue font-size:14pt;
classDef green font-size:14pt;
class B,D,E,F blue
class A,G green
</div>
---
# The future (is here)
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(Materials) --> B(Factory)
B --> D(Shipping)D --> E(Storage)
E --> F(Shipping)
F --> G(You)
classDef blue font-size:14pt;
classDef green font-size:14pt;
class B,D,E,F blue
class A,G green
</div>
<br>
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(Design) -->|Prepare| B(Geometry)
B -->|Interpret| D(Manufacturing instructions)
D -->|Machine| E(Made Object)
E -->|Clean Up| F(Final Object)
class A,B,D blue
class E green
</div>
<!-- ![:youtube Time lapse video liquid printing, l3TgmvV2ElQ?t=23] -->
<!-- ![:youtube Time lapse video explaining 3D printing, m_QhY1aABsE] -->
<!-- ![:youtube Time lapse video laser sintering, 9E5MfBAV_tA?t=53] -->
![:youtube Time lapse video of powder printing, kBHsfNDsbCs?t=7s]
---
# Fabrication technologies are not
Not the startrek replicator
Not as fast as the best manufacturing solutions for bulk manufacturing
Not as fast as your 2d printer
Often expensive
Material range is limited
... But they can do a lot of interesting things
---
# Additive/Subtractive Manufacturing
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(Materials) --> B(Factory)
B --> D(Shipping)
D --> E(Storage)
E --> F(Shipping)
F --> G(You)
classDef blue font-size:14pt;
classDef green font-size:14pt;
class B,D,E,F blue
class A,G green
</div>
<br>
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(Design) -->|Prepare| B(Geometry)
B -->|Interpret| D(Manufacturing instructions)
D -->|Machine| E(Made Object)
E -->|Clean Up| F(Final Object)
class A,B,D blue
class E green
</div>
<br>
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(CAD software) -->|Prepare| B(Geometry)
B -->|Slice| D(G-Code)
D -->|3D Printer: additive<BR>CNC:subtractive| E(Plastic/Wood/Metal)
E -->|Snip & Sand & Finish | F(Final Object)
class A,B,D blue
class E green
</div>
---
# Additive Vs Subtractive (e.g. CNC) Printing
.left-column50[
- Additive printing puts down material, building up the object layer by layer
- Some are done with extruded plastic or other material
- Others are done with powders that are sealed together (powder printers)
- Subtractive removes materials from around the object
]
.right-column50[
]
---
# Example: CNC Spoon
![:youtube Video of a person using a CNC machine to make a spoon, caf5WDeBUaA]
---
# Prepare for Printing
- Create a model using any one of a number of 3D modeling packages such as Sketchup, Open SCAD,
Rhino 3d, Meshmixer, Blender, OnShape, Minecraft, SolidWorks
- Some packages reprsent 3D objects as solids, others as shells and boundaries.
- Or you can find lots of stuff in repositories, like [Thingiverse](http://www.thingiverse.com/)
.left-column50[
__Solids__ (image from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_solid_geometry ))
]
.right-column50[
__Shells/Boundaries__
]
---
# Example: .stl File (Additive)
Almost every software package can save the files as a `.stl` file (stereolithography)
.left-column50[
]
.right-column50[```
solid OBJECT
facet normal 0 -1 0
outer loop
vertex 10 -10 0
vertex 0 -10 10
vertex 0 -10 0
endloop
endfacet
facet normal 0 -1 0
outer loop
vertex 0 -10 10
vertex 10 -10 20
vertex 8 -10 20
endloop
endfacet
```
]
---
# Printer Controller
The printer controller converts the `.stl` file into GCode, commands read by the printer
.left-column50[
```
solid OBJECT
facet normal 0 -1 0
outer loop
vertex 10 -10 0
vertex 0 -10 10
vertex 0 -10 0
endloop
endfacet
facet normal 0 -1 0
outer loop
vertex 0 -10 10
vertex 10 -10 20
vertex 8 -10 20
endloop
endfacet
```
]
--
.right-column50[
]
---
# Printer Controller
The printer controller converts the `.stl` file into GCode, commands read by the printer
.left-column50[
```
solid OBJECT
facet normal 0 -1 0
outer loop
vertex 10 -10 0
vertex 0 -10 10
vertex 0 -10 0
endloop
endfacet
facet normal 0 -1 0
outer loop
vertex 0 -10 10 vertex 10 -10 20
vertex 8 -10 20
endloop
endfacet
```
]
.right-column50[
```
G1 X-5.87 Y-12.69 Z0.47 F3360.0
G1 F1200.0
G1 E1.0
G1 F3360.0
M101
G1 X-5.87 Y12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E5.799
G1 X-2.93 Y12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E6.354
G1 X-2.93 Y-12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E11.152
G1 X0.0 Y-12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E11.707
G1 X0.0 Y12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E16.506
G1 X2.93 Y12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E17.06
G1 X2.93 Y-12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E21.859
G1 X5.87 Y-12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E22.414
G1 X5.87 Y12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E27.213
G1 X8.8 Y12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E27.768
```
]
---
# Results
---
# Other Materials
- [Lisa Harouni Talk](https://www.ted.com/talks/lisa_harouni_a_primer_on_3d_printing#t-120717) (@2:12)
- [Powder printer](https://youtu.be/kBHsfNDsbCs?t=29s)
- [Liquid Based additive printers](https://www.popsci.com/new-liquid-based-3d-printer-takes-minutes-not-hours/) (@1:07)
- [Candy](https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=5&v=rU6RAM0Wrck&feature=emb_logo),
[Chocolate](http://youtu.be/BIFi8but3Vw) other [Confections](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3TmrCzVZ6w)
- [Pancake bot](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3Q8nbtRNT0)
- Cement for houses [old](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzmCnzA7hnE), [new](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zt_3Gs1ksg)
- [MIT’s glass printer](https://gizmodo.com/watching-mits-glass-3d-printer-is-absolutely-mesmerizin-1725433454)
- [Ceramics](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JjaqKUUMMw) (with sound vibrations), [Sample art](https://www.foransuon.com/)
---
# What not to print
- Food handling articles (unless on a special printer)
- Safety critical strong things
- High heat tolerance things
- Things for chemically harsh environments
---
# Printing: Beyond plastic
.left-column50[
]
.right-column50[
[Shorey Designs](https://www.shoreydesigns.com/3d-printing-on-fabric)
]---
# Printing with Kinetics
.left-column-half[
]
.right-column-half[
![:youtube Examples of embedded fabric, 9xqze9csLmY]
]
???
- String or wire (like a tendon)
<!-- --- -->
<!-- # Printing with Kinetics -->
<!--  -->
<!--  -->
<!--  -->
<!--  -->
---
# Printing new interactions
<iframe title="vimeo-player" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/551468278" width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
---
# More examples!
<br>
- [3D Printed Medical Device Saves Baby's Life](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zr0HGCZSgE4)
- [Prosthetic hand](http://youtu.be/CHPuMCshkLU?t=42s) (up to ~2:10)
- [Prostheic 3D printed Eagle Beak](https://youtu.be/M1jxnogZgd4)
- [3D printed car](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=daioWlkH7ZI)
- [Lots of examples quickly](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5AZzOw7FwA)
- [3D printers print ten houses in 24 hours](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SObzNdyRTBs)
- [Printed body parts](http://youtu.be/jSjW-EgKOhk?t=1m8s)
- [Printed organs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nqw1yjyKEs)
- [3D printed pizza](http://youtu.be/dvjqmMfMU7w?t=15s)
- [3D printed fashion](http://youtu.be/63Xozzh_uHM)
- [3D Printing a Garden Sprinkler](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9XRD3P2G-E)
---
# Machine Knitting
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(Materials) --> B(Factory)
B --> D(Shipping)
D --> E(Storage)
E --> F(Shipping)
F --> G(You)
classDef blue font-size:14pt;
classDef green font-size:14pt;
class B,D,E,F blue
class A,G green
</div>
<br>
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(Design) -->|Prepare| B(Geometry)
B -->|Interpret| D(Manufacturing instructions)
D -->|Machine| E(Made Object)
E -->|Clean Up| F(Final Object)
class A,B,D blue
class E green
</div>
<br>
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(CAD software) -->|Prepare| B(Geometry)
B -->|Slice| D(G-Code)
D -->|3D Printer: additive<BR>CNC:subtractive| E(Plastic/Wood/Metal)
E -->|Snip & Sand & Finish | F(Final Object)
class A,B,D blue
class E green
</div>
<br>
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(knit_script) -->|Prepare| B(Knit Graph)
B -->|Compile| D(DAT)
D -->|Knitting Machine| E(Knit Object)
E -->|Cut & Sew| F(Final Object)
class A,B,D blue
class E green
</div>
---
# Creating Knitted Objects
---
# KnitScript: Striped Sheet
```python
import cast_ons;
width = 40;
height = 12;
def knit_colored_stripe(new_carrier):{
with Carrier as new_carrier:{
knit_stripe();
}
}
def knit_stripe():{
for r in range(0, height):{
in reverse direction:{
knit Loops;
}
}
}
with Carrier as c1:{
cast_ons.alt_tuck_cast_on(width);
knit_stripe(); // uses c1
knit_colored_stripe(c2); // will use c2
knit_stripe(); // starts using c1 again
}
```
---
# Knitting a stripe
![:youtube Video a knitting machine, jpDFHhmgsnk]
---# Creating Knitted Objects
![:youtube Video a knitting machine, t2Lpk4Jal6o]
---
# Laser Cutting
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(Materials) --> B(Factory)
B --> D(Shipping)
D --> E(Storage)
E --> F(Shipping)
F --> G(You)
classDef blue font-size:14pt;
classDef green font-size:14pt;
class B,D,E,F blue
class A,G green
</div>
<br>
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(Design) -->|Prepare| B(Geometry)
B -->|Interpret| D(Manufacturing instructions)
D -->|Machine| E(Made Object)
E -->|Clean Up| F(Final Object)
class A,B,D blue
class E green
</div>
<br>
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(CAD software) -->|Prepare| B(Geometry)
B -->|Slice| D(G-Code)
D -->|3D Printer: additive<BR>CNC:subtractive| E(Plastic/Wood/Metal)
E -->|Snip & Sand & Finish | F(Final Object)
class A,B,D blue
class E green
</div>
<br>
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(knit_script) -->|Prepare| B(Knit Graph)
B -->|Compile| D(DAT)
D -->|Knitting Machine| E(Knit Object)
E -->|Cut & Sew| F(Final Object)
class A,B,D blue
class E green
</div>
<br>
<div class="mermaid">
graph LR
A(Adobe/Powerpoint/etc) -->|Prepare| B(DXF or SVG)
B -->|...| D(DXF or SVG)
D -->|Laser Cutter| E(Wood/Cardboard/Leather)
class A,B,D blue
class E green
</div>
We'll try this out in a sec, but first a few closing thoughts
---
# Manufacturing Accessibility
Rapid iteration can help with accessible design
.left-column40[
(Taylor's research)
]
.right-column60[
![:youtube Xbox adaptive controller intro, 9fcK19CAjWM]
]
---
# Manufacturing Accessibility
.right-column60[
[Interactiles: 3D Printed Tactile Interfaces to Enhance Mobile Touchscreen Accessibility](https://make4all.org/portfolio/interactiles/) (ASSETS 2018)
]
.left-column40[
Combination of materials
- Silicon & sewn conductive thread (could use conductive powder instead)
- Nuts and bolts
]
---
# Phone as embedded computer
.right-column60[
Tactile map for the blind
]
.left-column40[
Phone as embedded computer
- Better solution because reprinting a map is faster than making a whole new portable map for each region
- Similar to new interaction techniques, uses conductive plastic
]
---
# Adding in physical computing
.right-column60[
C. Lee, [Intellisplash](https://www.christopherslee.org/home/cadiot#h.pstiqwwsc6zp) water purity tester
]
.left-column40[
Combination of microcontroller, 3d printing, and phone
Uses WiFi, Bluetooth and other communication protocols
]---
# Other Sensing Adaptations
.right-column60[
]
.left-column40[
[Biotoxicity
sensing](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400515305992)
Dark box
Phone case
Many similar options -- e.g. [Ph
Meter](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6916991);
[Sensing sweat
make-up](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2014/an/c4an01612b);
[Nanosensing by
Nasa](https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/features/2009/cell_phone_sensors.html)
[more examples](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779914000572)
]
???
By clicking the “start” button (b) the application runs and several
tabs can be selected (c). The “Procedure” box (d) provide to the
user the instructions to perform the assay, then the Begin button
allow to proceed to the “Checklist” box (e) where preset timers
guide the user through the correct incubation times before BL image
acquisition. The instructions can be also eluded by selecting “Test
sample” in the home page, which jumps the user directly to the
checklist. At the end of the countdown the smartphone camera is
activated and the user can simply touch the “Acquire” button to
capture the BL image of both the test and control wells. (f) The
acquired images are rapidly analyzed on the smartphone and the
sample toxicity result is displayed as “Cell viability” value and a
warning message (Safe, Harmful, Highly toxic). BL image and results
can be also saved for downstream application (i.e. sending results
to a central laboratory).
---
# Printing to enhance a mobile phone
.right-column60[
![:youtube Printed objects whose use can be sensed, W1V2AgDbgTQ]
]
.left-column40[
Printed Analytics: Sensing prosthetic device use
- Uses backscatter technology
- Works in range of a modified wireless router
]
---
# Summary
What does physical computing offer us?
.left-column-half[
New ways to interact
- capacitive sensing facilitate by conductive plastic/thread
- microphone + machine learning
New ways to sense information
- fluid properties- audio
- backscatter
]
.right-column-half[
New ways to combine devices (e.g. through bluetooth sensing of physical hardware)
Benefits:
- modify a device beyond what the manufacturer expected
- rapid prototyping of novel solutions
]
---
# Now back to Laser Cutting: How Can it Create Access?
<iframe src="https://embed.polleverywhere.com/free_text_polls/tyAgNOl6sJAzjQ8cwbDcx?controls=none&short_poll=true" width="800px" height="600px"></iframe>
---
# Bagholder
.left-column50[
]
.right-column50[
[Instructables project](https://www.instructables.com/Making-a-laser-cut-bag-holder/)
How could you modify this to make it more comfortable?
]
---
# Book Opener ([Etsy](https://www.etsy.com/listing/883330413/book-buddy-book-holder-wood-thumb-page))
---
# Cup Holder ([Thingiverse:1863196](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1863196))
---
# Key Guard ([Thingiverse:1365497](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1365497))
---
# Bottle Opener ([Thingiverse:40131](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:40131))
---
# Key Handle ([Thingiverse:2802082](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2802082))
.left-column50[
]
.right-column50[
How would you attach this securely?
]
---
# Cookbook Holder ([Home Depot](https://www.homedepot.com/p/Honey-Can-Do-Natural-Acacia-and-Steel-Tablet-or-Cookbook-Stand-KCH-08569/312111086))
---
# Pillbox ([Etsy](https://www.etsy.com/listing/1321874671/laser-cut-3-or-4-mm-18-inch-svg-7-days?ga_order=most_relevant&ga_search_type=all&ga_view_type=gallery&ga_search_query=laser+cut+pill&ref=sr_gallery-1-6&organic_search_click=1))
.left-column50[
]
.right-column50[Probably made with [boxes.py](https://www.instructables.com/Lasercut-Little-Wood-Boxes/)
]
---
# Cutting Board ([rehab-store.com](https://www.rehab-store.com/p-one-handed-deluxe-maple-cutting-board.html))
---
# Keyboard Risers ([Amazon](https://www.amazon.com/SUPBEE-Laptop-Computer-Keyboard-Pockets/dp/B0B21VHY57))
---
# Now it's your turn. Some key things to know
.left-column50[
We're using a [Glowforge](https://glowforge.com/).
- It takes SVGs as input
- It can engrave, cut, etc
- We're providing plywood, 3mm thick [double check with calipers]
]
.right-column50[
Software options
- Powerpoint: Can even [merge shapes](https://www.indezine.com/products/powerpoint/learn/shapes/2016/shape-union.html). Probably best for total beginners if you have it.
- [Adobe Illustrator](https://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator.html). Best for most tasks if you have it
- [AutoCAD](https://www.autodesk.com/products/autocad/overview?term=1-YEAR&tab=subscription) (free for students). Probably overkill
- [Inkscape](https://www.autodesk.com/products/autocad/overview?term=1-YEAR&tab=subscription) (free). Best free option
]
---
# What can you do?
.left-column40[
]
.right-column60[
Cutting: Makes a hole.
- Any line can be cut
Scoring: Doesn't cut all the way through.
- Again, any line
Engraving: Burns. Can do greyscale.
- Expand with fill
- Images. Make sure they're not too dark.
]
---
# Essential Measurements
The amount of wood removed by the laser cutter as it burns through the wood.
Should always test for each new type of wood and wood thickness
[Instructable](https://www.instructables.com/How-to-Adjust-for-Wood-Thickness-and-Kerf-on-a-Las/) on how to do this
Only an issue if you're making a box or something else that has to assemble
Use calipers to measure!
---
# Your process
.left-column50[Measure thrice
Make an svg
Print it on paper
Cut it out and check your measurements AGAIN
]
.right-column50[
Decorate
Save to SVG
- First "expand" (if needed)
- Include mm as units
- Include images
]
---
---
# If you want more
.left-column50[
[3D printing for health](http://make4all.org/portfolio/3d-printing-for-health/)
[More materials](http://make4all.org/portfolio/3d-printing-in-a-range-of-materials/)
[Metamaterials](http://make4all.org/portfolio/metamaterials/)
[3D printing for education](http://make4all.org/portfolio/3d-printing-for-education/)
]
.right-column50[
[Interactive objects](http://make4all.org/portfolio/3d-printing-of-interactive-objects/)
[3D printing and sustainability](http://make4all.org/portfolio/3d-printing-and-sustainability/)
[Options for rapid fabrication with 3D printing](http://make4all.org/portfolio/rapid-fabrication-prototyping/)
]
---
# The End!
---
<!-- --- -->
<!-- # Printing to enhance a mobile phone -->
<!-- .right-column60[ -->
<!-- [Etch a Sketch!](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3251892) -->
<!-- ![:youtube Mobile phone case to use the phone like an etch a sketch, dcaErURbyIA] -->
<!-- ] -->
<!-- -- -->
<!-- count: false -->
<!-- .left-column40[ -->
<!-- New ways of interacting! -->
<!-- - Works by combining condutive plastic with custom interactor -->
<!-- - Looks like touch input to the software -->
<!-- - Gears control motion options mechanically -->
<!-- ] -->
<!-- --- -->
<!-- # Mechanically to enhance a mobile phone -->
<!-- .right-column60[ -->
<!-- [Phone trigger buttons](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2960274) -->
<!-- ![:youtube Game playing hardware --trigger buttons--,X_C1Qxjg2WI] -->
<!-- ] --><!-- .left-column40[ -->
<!-- New ways of interacting! -->
<!-- - Similar approach, also conductive -->
<!-- ] -->
<!-- --- -->
<!-- # Printing to enhance a mobile phone -->
<!-- .right-column60[ -->
<!-- Acoustruments -->
<!-- ![:youtube Printed objects whose use can be sensed, C2d1pB1qlvA] -->
<!-- ] -->
<!-- .left-column40[ -->
<!-- New ways of interacting! -->
<!-- - Leverages the phone's microphone -->
<!-- - Uses flexible plastic with holes -->
<!-- - Requires machine learning -->
<!-- ] -->
<!-- --- -->
<!-- # Use your phone to control general hardware -->
<!-- .left-column40[ -->
<!-- [IOIO](https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/ioio-otg-hookup-guide) / -->
<!-- [IOIO wiki](https://github.com/ytai/ioio/wiki) -->
<!-- [[Arduino](https://www.arduino.cc/) -->
<!-- ] -->
<!-- .right-column60[ -->
<!--  -->
<!-- ] -->
<!-- --- -->
<!-- # Printing to enhance a mobile phone -->
<!-- .right-column50[ -->
<!-- [Phone for potentiostatic -->
<!-- control](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6916991) -->
<!--  -->
<!-- ] -->
<!-- .left-column50[ -->
<!-- New ways of interacting -->
<!-- Phone as embedded computer -->
<!-- New ways of sensing -->
<!-- - exploits ability to play sounds -->
<!-- - serves basic functions of a potentiostat in controlling an applied -->
<!-- potential to oxidise ECL-active molecules -->
<!-- - resultant photonic signal is monitored using the camera in video -->
<!-- mode. -->
<!-- - combined with paper microfluidic sensors -->
<!-- ] -->
<!-- ??? -->
<!-- The audio jack supplies the potential to the paper microfluidic -->
<!-- sensor, while the resultant emission is detected by the camera in -->
<!-- video mode. Both the excitation and detection processes are controlled -->
<!-- by a software application which can also transmit the results via -->
<!-- e-mail. The black plastic sleeve surrounding the top of the phone -->
<!-- holds the sensor adjacent to the camera and blocks ambient light. -->
<!-- --- -->
<!-- # Moon House Video -->
<!-- ![:youtube Video of a robot 3d printing a round house, 8zt_3Gs1ksg] -->